There are two types of genes: dominant and recessive.  If the gene is dominant, this means that the development of diseases can be controlled by a single allele.  If any of the parents passes on autosomal stage, it is termed as autosomal dominant.  If the gene is recessive, two copies of the defective gene are needed in order for the disorder to develop.  If both of the parents are not affected but each passes on a defective gene the child would still be affected and this genetic disorder is called autosomal recessive.  Parents are called as carriers.

Genetic disorders are often caused by deficiency related to the X and Y chromosomes or the sex chromosomes.  If the defective gene found on the X-chromosome is inherited by the child, it is called X-linked.  Similar to autosomal disorder, this genetic disorder can also be received by recessive and dominant procedures.  In X-linked dominant, all of the female off springs of the father are affected if the father’s only X chromosome passes on a defective gene.  Otherwise, if the father passes on his Y, male off springs are not affected that is why there is no transmission termed as male-to-male.  If the disorder is X-linked receive, all of the daughters become the carriers.  On the other hand, if the mother passes on the X-linked recessive gene, all of her sons are affected and carriers are the daughters. 

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